To investigate the curative effect and possible mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine hot package Zijie powder on wound healing after anal fistula surgery based on the theory of “simmering pus and growing flesh”.Methods:A total of 88 patients with low-postion simple anal fistula of damp-heat type treated in Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from April 2021 to April 2022 were selected and were divided into the observation group and the control group with 44 cases in each group according to the simple random number table method.Both groups received conventional postoperative wound care，and the control group received additional treatment with vaseline gauze packing.The observation group was treated with vaseline gauze and Zijie powder hot package.The clinical efficacy of the two groups and the expression levels of related factors interleukin-1β(IL-1β)，interleukin-6(IL-6)，tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in different time periods were compared and analyzed，and the safety of the treatment regimen in the observation group was evaluated.Results:The clinical cure rate was 100% in both groups.The observation group had a significantly shorter wound healing time(P<0.01).In terms of wound conditions(growth of granulation tissue，secretion，pain，wound healing rate)，there was no significant difference on day 3(P>0.05)，and the curative effect was better on day 7 and 14(P<0.05).The expression of inflammatory factors showed a significant decrease trend in both groups，and the growth factor VEGF showed a significant increase trend，with the observation group showing better effects.Significant differences were found in all factors on the 7th and 14th day after surgery(P<0.01).No obvious skin allergic reaction was observed in the observation group before and after treatment.Conclusion:The traditional Chinese medicine hot package Zijie powder with “simmering pus and growing flesh” can promote the wound healing after anal fistula operation，effectively promote the growth of granulation tissue and shorten the healing time.The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of IL-1β，IL-6，TNF-α and the promotion of VEGF expression.