世界中医药

基金项目:国家重点研发计划中医药现代化研究重点专项（2018YFC1706800）；国家中医药管理局国际合作司中医药国际合作专项（基地类项目）（0730-236132ZC0054/01～03）；国家中医药管理局国际合作司中医药国际合作专项（中心类项目）（0730-236132ZC0052/01～04）

作者	单位
王禅缔1，王淳1，张建军1，郑婷1，王林元1，杨彬睿2，杜军2，陈亮2，郭宝林3	1 北京中医药大学，北京，100029； 2 安利〔上海〕科技发展有限公司，上海，201203； 3 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所，北京，100005

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中文摘要:

目的：研究新外来中药紫锥菊清泻肺热功效和归肺经的中药药性。方法：将56只Wistar大鼠分为空白组、模型组、地塞米松组、紫锥菊醇提物低剂量组、紫锥菊醇提物高剂量组、紫锥菊水提物低剂量组、紫锥菊水提物高剂量组，每组8只。除空白组外，其余各组大鼠灌胃相应药物14 d，最后1 d雾化吸入脂多糖制备急性肺炎模型。检测各组大鼠肺湿/干质量比、肺泡灌洗液中白细胞总数、外周血相关炎症细胞占比、血清炎症介质水平、环腺苷酸（cAMP）水平、氧化应激水平、大鼠肺部病理变化、大鼠右下肺组织TLR4、核因子κB（NF-κB）、血红素氧合酶1（HO-1）、核转录因子红系2相关因子2(Nrf2） mRNA表达水平。结果：与模型组大鼠比较，紫锥菊醇提物组大鼠肺部病理减轻，肺湿/干质量比显著降低（P<0.05），肺泡灌洗液和外周血中白细胞（WBC）显著降低（P<0.05），炎症介质肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、IL-6显著降低（P<0.05），抑炎因子IL-10显著升高（P<0.05），丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低（P<0.05）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）显著升高（P<0.05），cAMP显著降低（P<0.05），NF-κB、HO-1、Nrf2 mRNA表达显著降低（P<0.05），TLR4mRNA表达无统计学意义；紫锥菊水提物高剂量组大鼠肺部病理表现为肺泡毛细血管轻度充血和扩张,炎症细胞浸润，局部性肺泡间隔增厚情况减少，肺湿/干质量比显著降低（P<0.05），外周血中WBC显著降低（P<0.05），炎症介质TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6显著降低（P<0.05），抑炎因子IL-10显著升高（P<0.05），MDA含量显著降低（P<0.05）、GSH-Px显著升高（P<0.05），cAMP显著降低（P<0.05），NF-κB、HO-1、Nrf2 mRNA表达显著降低（P<0.05），TLR4mRNA表达无统计学意义。结论：紫锥菊对急性肺炎有预防作用，作用机制与抑制TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量及NF-κB、HO-1、Nrf2 mRNA表达水平有关。从中医理论分析，与紫锥菊归肺经、清泻肺热的特点有关。

English Summary:

To investigate the therapeutic effects of new exotic herbal medicine Echinacea purpurea on clearing lung heat and its properties in acting on the lung meridian.Methods:Fifty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into a blank group,model group,dexamethasone group,low-dose ethanol extract of E.purpurea group,high-dose ethanol extract of E.purpurea group,low-dose water extract of E.purpurea group,and high-dose water extract of E.purpurea group,with 8 rats per group.Except for the blank group,all other groups were administered corresponding drugs orally for 14 days,and on the final day,an acute pneumonia model was prepared by aerosol inhalation of lipopolysaccharide.Lung wet/dry weight ratio,total white blood cell(WBC) count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,percentage of inflammatory cells in peripheral blood,serum levels of inflammatory mediators,cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP),oxidative stress levels,pathological changes in lung tissues,and mRNA expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB),heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) in the right lower lung tissue of rats were assessed.Results:Compared with the rats in the model group,those treated with ethanol extract of E.purpurea showed reduced lung pathology,significantly decreased lung wet/dry weight ratio(P<0.05),and significant reductions in WBC counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood(P<0.05).Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β),IL-6 were significantly reduced(P<0.05),while anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly increased(P<0.05).Malondialdehyde(MDA) content was significantly reduced(P<0.05),and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) was significantly increased(P<0.05).Moreover,cAMP levels were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and mRNA expression levels of NF-κB,HO-1,and Nrf2 were significantly decreased(P<0.05),with no statistical significance observed in TLR4 mRNA expression.Rats treated with high-dose water extract of E.purpurea exhibited mild congestion and dilation of pulmonary capillaries,reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells,and less thickening of alveolar septa.Lung wet/dry weight ratio was significantly decreased(P<0.05),peripheral blood WBC was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 were significantly reduced(P<0.05).IL-10 was significantly increased(P<0.05),MDA content was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and GSH-Px was significantly increased(P<0.05).Furthermore,cAMP levels were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and mRNA expression levels of NF-κB,HO-1,and Nrf2 were significantly decreased(P<0.05),with no statistical significance observed in TLR4 mRNA expression.Conclusion:E.purpurea has a preventive effect on acute pneumonia,which may be related to its inhibition of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 levels and modulation of NF-κB,HO-1,and Nrf2 mRNA expression levels.From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine theory,this action correlates with the properties of E.purpurea in acting on the lung meridian and clearing lung heat.

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