According to Chinese medicine, vascular dementia (VaD) can result from a variety of causes, such as heart deficiency, kidney deficiency, turbid phlegm, blood stasis, turbid toxin, among which the combination of excessive and deficiency factors are most common. Accordingly such basic treatments as heart tonifying, kidney supplementing, or such important treatments as phlegm resolving, stasis expelling, toxin dispelling can prevent and control VaD. In short, as essential patho-mechanism for VaD, heart kidney deficiency complicated by phlegm, stasis and toxin accurately reflects the nature of VaD; therefore, the comprehensive treatments of those abovementioned is strongly recommended.