To explore material base of Tian Gui rise and fall regulating menopausal osteoporosis. Methods:To understand nature of Tian Gui from ‘Material determines consciousness’; analyze material aspect and time aspect of Tian Gui from development of Chinese medicine; to demonstrate the two aspects is integral part of human body by ‘summary-analysis- summary’ method. Results:Material aspect and time aspect of Tian Gui are demonstrated in actual phenomenon. Conclusion: The material base of Tian Gui may be closely related to hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Further research is needed to investigate their roles in menopausal osteoporosis: to explore pathogenesis from multiple angles, layers and dimensions using modern science and technologies, and find proof in clinical observation and experiments, in order to provide theoretical basis for prevention and treatment of menopausal osteoporosis by regulating rise and fall of Tian Gui.