To identify four kinds of Smilax microphylla produced in different places with the method of HPLC. Methods: The HPLC analysis was performed on a Thermon C₁₈（150mm×4.6mm，5μm）column with gradient mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid at 35℃，the detection wavelength was set at 330 nm with the flow rate of 1 mL?min-1. Results： Eighteen main characteristic peaks in Smilax microphylla were selected. Conclusions：The method can be used to provide the reference for the identification of Smilax microphylla.