The treatment of osteoporosis with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has some unique advantage over other interventions. From the TCM perspective, the starting point to understand osteoporosis is′Kidney governs the bones and generates marrow′, of which theoretical explanation is consistent with western medicine research outcome. The research aims to consolidate TCM theorectical understanding of osteoporosis with morden scientific research results, and strengthen mechanism research guided by TCM theory, so as to improve efficacy of TCM treatment for osteoporosis.