To explore the specialties and core pathogenesis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating H7N9 avian influenza infection. Methods： Thirty six cases of H7N9 avian influenza patients from Beijing, Shanghai and other eight provinces who were given TCM therapy between February 26, 2013 to May 1,2013 were collected. According to the epidemiology, syndrome and treatment of these patients, characteristics of TCM syndromes and pathogenesis were analyzed. Results： Epidemiology characteristics were as follows： Averagely, patients were admitted to hospital on the 6th day of their onset, and taken to ICU on the 2nd day of admission, and the virus turned to negative on the 15th day of the onset. Symptomatology characteristics were that 100% of patients would have fever, and the highest temperature was (39.14±0.62)℃. Patients had cough, phlegm, aversion to cold, but seldom had symptoms of headache, sore throat, running nose; patients usually had high fever on the 3rd to 6th day with more severe conditions such as blood in phlegm, short breath, dyspnea, greasy and red tongue; on the 6th to 14th day, patients got more severe conditions with rashes in the skin; on the 10th to 14th day, the fever was getting away, blood in phlegm decreased, and patients were recovering with fatigue feeling and red tongue. Conclusion： The change of syndrome fits the principle of TCM warm disease. The turning point of getting severe is on the 4th to 5th day. The most dangerous condition usually occurs on the 8th to 10th day. The core pathogenesis is virus invading lung to stuff and hurt it.