The concept of “kidney” in traditional Chinese medicine is more extensive in the “ Huang Dis Classic of Internal Medicine”，which is called “congenital origin” kidney. In addition to containing the urogenital system，there is a hidden essence (the viscus containing both congenital water and fire). Kidney presides over reproduction，growth，development，water，qi，and regulates water metabolism，as an apartment hidden nephroyin and nephroyang，and it has a close relationship with bone，bone marrow，brain，ears，teeth and hair. Through a lot of the current series of basic experiments，as well as verification of the efficacy of kidney herbs，we found that there may be“kidney medullary system”，“kidney brain system，” “kidney bone system”，“kidney reproductive system”，which are around the “kidney” basic research theories. This paper does a review of the progress achieved in this area in recent years.