To study the sleep condition and its influence factors of long distance sailing soldiers in light of traditional Chinese medicine theories. Methods： Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) was used to investigate 143 soldiers who had just returned from long distance sailing within 7 days. Results： 1) Sleep index of long distance sailing soldiers was (7.41±3.55). The number of soldiers whose PSQI was above 7 was 66， accounting for 46.2%. Compared to ordinary soldiers， sleep quality， time to fall asleep， sleep duration， sleep efficacy， sleep disorder and sleep index of escort troops were all significantly higher ( P<0.01)； compared to officers and soldiers in south China， sleep quality， sleep duration， sleep disorder of these long distance sailing soldiers were significantly higher( P<0.01)， while their sleep efficacy and daytime dysfunction were significantly lower ( P<0.01). 2) Sleep index varied among different official ranks and service lengths. Indexes of PSQI correlated with education， age and marital status， but the correlation coefficient was lower. Conclusion： Bad sleep condition existed in service stripes， and the main influence factors included official ranks and service length. The pathological changes were mainly due to disharmony of yin and yang， always involving heart， spleen and liver. Other possible factors should also be studied in the future.