This paper argues that diagnosis and treatment theory framework of Chinese traditional ophthalmology has gone through four phases: 1) Foundation: From the time when Huang Di Nei Jing was written to Tang Dynasty, TCM established sound theoretical basis and accumulated rich experience.2) Presentation: From Tang Dynasty to the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Wai Tai Mi Yao established the embryonic form of this framework, medical works constantly enriched this framework in Song Dynasty. 3) Abundance: From the end of Yuan Dynasty to Ming Dynasty, many distinctive framework had been established. There were two types of framework: system of seventy-two syndromes and frame works outside of this system. 4) Improvement and perfection: The framework of Yuan and Ming Dynasty had been adjusted and enriched, general rules had been abstracted guiding in diagnosis and treatment of ophthalmology in Qing Dynasty.