To compare the different effect between raw and steamed panax notoginseng powder on deficiency of blood caused by cyclophosphamide, and its mechanism. Methods: A total of 108 KM mice were randomly divided by weight into: normal group, model group, positive group, low, medium and high dose group of raw and steamed panax notoginseng powder ,12 mice in each group . The raw and steamed groups were given three different dose of panax notoginseng powder (585,1170,2340 mg·kg-1), the positive group was given with 8 mL·kg-1 Compound E-Jiao slurry ,lavage for 12 days. The deficiency of blood model were made in the first three days by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide with the concentration of 70 mg·kg-1 in mice. After the experiment, we evaluated the effectiveness of drugs by WBC, RBC, Hb, PLT and organ index (spleen and thymus) .Then flow cytometry was used to measure DNA content of bone marrow cells and CD34+ expression, conbined with the culture of CFU-GM, BFU-E, CFU-E, CFU-Meg to research the blood enriching function of steamed panax notoginseng powder. Results: Compared with the normal group, the WBC, RBC, Hb , PLT and the organ index (spleen and thymus) of model group were significantly decreased (P<0.01), DNA content of bone marrow cells and CD34+ expression were significantly decreased (P<0.01); Compared with model group, the high, medium and low dose group of steamed panax notoginseng powder were all significantly increased by WBC, RBC, Hb, PLT (P<0.05), and can significantly increase the organs index thymus and spleen (P<0.05), the same dose of raw panax notoginseng had no obvious effect; Compared with model group, the DNA content of bone marrow cells and CD34+ expression of steamed panax notoginseng were significantly higher (P<0.05), CFU-GM, BFU-E, CFU-E, CFU-Meg colony forming units were significantly increased too (P<0.05). Conclusion: Steamed panax notoginseng can exert the blood enriching function by promoting the proliferation of bone marrow cells .