As an important part of traditional medicine in the world, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is favored by the world with its unique efficacy, low toxicity and extensive resources. However, in recent years, the heavy metals or harmful elements in Chinese herbal pieces have been detected in China and abroad, which seriously affected the reputation and credibility of traditional Chinese medicine. Accordingly, this article summarized the influence factors of heavy metals and harmful elements of TCM and proposed solutions, expecting to provide reference for the related researches and management of Chinese herbal pieces.