To observe the effect of Shihu Compound (DC) and other Chinese medicine on declining blood glucose and their effects on PCNA and NF-κBp65 of aged diabetes Mellitus model rats. Methods: The aged diabetic model rats were divided into control group, model group,DC group and PRPB(Shengmai San) group. They were given drugs for four weeks. The concentrations of FBG and GSP in sernm were measured, and the PCNA and NF-κBp65 in pancreas of aged diabetic rats were assayed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared with the model group, the level of FBG and GSP decreased in DC group and PRPB group(P<0.01). And PCNA expression was evidently heightened in the two treatment group, and there were significant differences between the two groups(P<0.01). The level of FBG and GSP and the PCNA expression has not reach the level of that of the aged control group. The NF-κBp65 expression in pancreas was DC treated group>aged DM model group>PRPB treated group>aged control group. Conclusion: DC could more significantly improve the blood glucose and enhance PCNA expression in model group than PRPB group. DC could better improve the internal environment homeostasis in aged diabetic rats via promoting the pancreatic cell proliferation than PRPB. It could be deduced that DC enables NF-κB to involve in stress response in DM and mobilize the body potential, but PRPB functions the contrary. DC has better effect in treating aged DM than PRPB.