To investigate the effects of Xinyuan Capsule on stability of rabbit atherosclerotic plaque and its VEGF expression. Methods: Japanese big ear rabbit were fed high fat and high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks to make atherosclerosis model. Rabbits were respectively treated by atorvastatin calcium (positive control) and Xinyuan Capsule for 4 weeks to detect the change of blood lipid level in each group. Arterial morphology was observed by HE staining, CD105 monoclonal antibody in artery plaques was detected by immunohisto-chemical staining and the expression of VEGF mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Results: 1) There was changes of blood lipid levels compared with the blank group, plasma TC,TG,and LDL-C in all the rest groups were significantly increased and HDL-C decreased, which showed significant difference between each group(P<0.05,P<0.01);blood lipid level of drug intervention group improved obviously compared with the model group. 2)Artery of rabbits in the blank group was even in thickness, complete in structure,regular in intima and media and adventitia shape without any abnormality, while typical unstable plaque, obvious arterial intimal thickening,channel narrowing showed in the model group. 3)The CD105 immunohisto-chemistry showed merely no expression in the blank group and the expression of the model group was the strongest (P<0.01), and the positive expression of drug intervention group was significantly decreased (P<0.05) and positive staining area decreased significantly, compared with the model group. 4) It was showed that the VEGF in mRNA expression of the total atherosclerotic plaque in the model group was significantly enhanced compared with the blank group (P<0.01), while that of the drug intervention group was significantly decreased compared with the model group (P<0.05). The expression in Xinyuan Capsule group was higher than that of the atorvastatin calcium group. Conclusion: The Xinyuan capsule, with the similar effect compared with atorvastatin calcium,may effectively improve the expression of CD105 in atherosclerotic plaques and decrease the expression of VEGF mRNA,to maintain the plaque stability and even reduce plaque.