To explore the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) on the repair of gastric mucosa through the changes of epidermal growth factor (EGF),microvessel density(MVD) of chronic gastritis with antral erosion without Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection before and after the treatment of Puyuanhewei capsule(PYHW).Methods:The 90 experimental subjects diagnosed by gastroscope and pathology were divided into PYHW group (PYHW+placebo) 30 cases, Teprenone group (PYHW+Teprenone) 30 cases and Rabeprazole group (PYHW+Rabeprazole) 30 cases as the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, double-dummy trials. These subjects in PYHW group were treated with PYHW and placebo like Rabeprazole or Teprenone. The patient′s condition of every group were recorded constantly. Specimens were obtained in the erosion and erosion-adjacent normal mucosa by scaling biopsy before and after treatment in the three groups. Using immunohistochemical technology, the positive expression of EGF and MVD were detected.Results:The positive expression rate of EGF of erosion of gastric mucosa was 20.00% vs 56.70%, 46.7% vs 16.7%, 43.3% vs 13.3% before and after treatment in PYHW group, teprenone group, and rabeprazole group respectively, with statistical significance (P<0.05).The positive expression rate of EGF of erosion-adjacent gastric mucosa was 10.00% vs 26.70%, 13.30% vs 16.70%, 16.70% vs 23.3% before and after treatment in PYHW group, teprenone group, rabeprazole group respectively with no statistical significance. (P>0.05).MVD of erosion of gastric mucosa were increased obviously after treatment in PYHW group, teprenone group, rabeprazole group than before, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). MVD of erosion adjacent gastric mucosa were upregulated at different degrees after treatment, showing no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the repair of gastric mucosal erosion is related to EGF and MVD, and it can improve the clinical symptoms and erosion of patients with chronic gastritis with antral erosion.