To observe the effect of the Reliving-pain Tonifying-kidney Formula in the treatment of osteoarthritis, and to discuss the party SDF-1 / CXCR4 signal transduction mechanisms of osteoarthritis. Methods: A total of 90 osteoarthritis patients who were admitted to our department during August 2015 to January 2016, were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 45 cases in each group. The control group were given diclofenac sodium sustained-release tablets, 2 / day,1 / piece, for 10 days, the observation group given oral and winnowing Reliving-pain Tonifying-kidney Formula, the clinical efficacy of the treatment was observed 10 days after treatment, all clinical scores, adverse reactions, IL-6 and other changes in plasma levels of MMP-9 and the case. Results:1）After treatment, observation group effective rate was 86.67%, the control group was 68.89%, the differences were statistically significant (P<005）；2）There were no significantly different on disease scores and flexion of patients in both two groups before treatment (P>005), but 10 days after treatment, HHS, Feller, flexion were increased in the two groups, but the control group increased more significantly, WOMAC, VAS decreased more significantly in control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<005）;3）There were 14 cases (33.00%) of adverse reactions in the control group and 4 cases (11.0%) in the observation group, significantly lower than the control group group (P<005）; 4）There were no significant difference of plasma IL-6 and MMP-9 level before the treatment (P>005). But 10 days after treatment, IL-6 and MMP-9 levels decreased in both groups, but the observation group decreased more significantly (P<005）. Conclusion: Reliving-pain Tonifying-kidney Formula can achieve significant clinical efficacy, with less adverse reactions, which is worthy to be promoted in the clinical practice. Meanwhile, the drug may work on OA through the currently popular SDF-1 / CXCR4 signaling pathway to reduce inflammation levels.