To explore the effect of Buzhong Chaiqian Lianmei Decoctionon on histopathology of the lung and trachea of rat model with bronchiectasis. Methods: The study was to compare the different effects of Buzhong Chaiqian Lianmei Decoctionon on histopathology of tracheobronchial tissue and lung tissue in rat model with bronchiectasis which was established by intratracheal injection of pseudomonas aeruginosa liquid. Results: The scores in the ciliated columnar epithelium and glandular cell pathological of model group, treatment group and control group were not significantly different (P>005). The scores in intraluminal secretions and inflammatory cell infiltration of model group, treatment group and control group were significantly different (P<005).The total tracheobronchial pathological score of tracheobronchial pathological in model group compared with the control group had significant difference (P<005), while no significant difference showed between the treatment group and the control group (P>005). The scores in the bronchus invasion site, infiltration of qualitative, perivascular infiltration, interstitial pneumonia pathological and the total lung pathological score between the model group and the control group were significantly different (P<005) and there was no significantly different in the scores of the bronchioles bronchial exudate between the model group and the control group (P>005). The scores in the tracheal and bronchial infiltrative sites, infiltration of qualitative and vascular permeability, perivascular infiltration, interstitial pneumonia pathological and the total lung tissue pathological score between the treatment group and the control group showed not significantly different (P>005). Conclusion: Buzhong Chaiqian Lianmei Decoction can significantly improve bronchiectasis in rats with peripheral inflammatory infiltration, perivascular inflammatory infiltration and interstitial pneumonia, and improve the tracheobronchial tissue pathology via holistic regulation.