Pain treatment with moxibustion has been used since ancient times. And anti-inflammation and immunity is a modern clinical research spot in acupuncture and moxibustion. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of moxibustion have been improved by clinical practice. Research on its mechanism mostly focuses on warm-stimulated acupoints(area). It has been found that purinoceptor (P2 receptor) in skin acupoints(area) and transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) play important roles in the startup procedure of moxibustion effect. They take effect in the occurrence and developing process of body pain and inflammation. This kind of regulating effect happens in each link of neuro-endocrine-immune network, which influences many analgesia/pain factor as well as inflammatory cytokines. The concept of moxibustion purine contains the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of moxibustion found by research. It has been proved that moxibustion has regulating effects on abnormal excitability of wide dynamic range neurons in spinal dorsal horn of rats with abdominal pain. Clinical research with fMRI has found that the regulating activities of moxibustion and acupuncture happen in both common and different brain areas, when they are regulating abnormal cerebral gray matter density and resting state brain activity of Crone’s disease patients during relieving period. Warm stimulation of moxibustion selectively activates high-threshold-activated descending inhibitory system without activating low-threshold descending facilitatory system in the medial thalamus and the ventromedial nucleus. This endogenous regulating effects of moxibustion can play an important role in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Further research, focusing on moxibustion purine, will explain the mechanism of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of moxibustion. Research of moxibustion anti-inflammation have found that it regulates the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines by increasing the level of adrenergic cortical hormone (ACH) on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis). In most situations, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of moxibustion occur at the same time. Moxibustion stimulates peripheral acupoints (area) and central nerves, regulate immune response and manage pain as well. This study is to give a review of research on mechanism of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of moxibustion, focusing on peripheral acupoint (area) startup-central nerve system response-target organ effect.