To study the effect of Anshen Buxin capsule on serotonin ( 5-HT) and γ-aminobutyric acid content in cerebral tissue of mice, so as to make a preliminary discussion on its mechanism of improving sleep and then experimental theory for clinical study. Methods:Kunming mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, and each group was filled the corresponding drugs intragastrically:normal saline,aqueous solution of diazepam (0.1 mg/mL) and Anshen Buxin capsule (0.1 g/mL). All of those were given once a day (0.1 mL/10 g) and lasted for 8 days. After the last day of drug administration,use ELASA method to detect the content of 5-HT and GABA in mice brain serum.Results:The contents of 5-HT and γ-aminobutyric acid in normal, diazepam and Anshen Buxin capsule group were (604.56±31.35)ng/mL, (10.77±1.04)μmol/L, (468.42±30.33)ng/mL, (14.58±0.75)μmol/L; (518.21±31.20)ng/mL, and (12.07±0.88)μmol/L. Compared with normal saline group, the 5-HT content of Anshen Buxin capsule group reduced and GABA content in cerebral tissue of mice increased with significant differences (P<0.05). Besides, compared with diazepam control group, significant difference also exists (P<0.05). Conclusion:Anshen Buxin capsule had a sound effect in improving sleep quality, and its mechanism may be related to inhibit the production of 5-HT and stimulate GABA secretion in brain.