To study the curative effect of Bushen Huoxue Decoction, nourishing kidney and removing blood stasis, on serum interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor α, Estradiol and Dickkopf-1 level in patients with postmenopausal knee osteoarthritis. Methods:A total number of 60 patients with knee osteoarthritis meeting the diagnosis criteria were randomly divided into treatment group and control group with 30 patients in each group. Patients in the treatment group were given with Bushen Huoxue Decoction a dose and twice daily, while patients in the control group were taken Diacerein Capsule for 50 mg/d. The observation period was 4 weeks. The contents of IL-1, TNF-α, E2, Dkk-1 of all patients were detected before and after treatment. Results:In treatment group, the controlled effective rate was 60% and the total effective rate was 96.67%. While in the control group, the controlled effective rate was 53.33% and the total effective rate was 93.33%. Comparison in serum IL-1 and TNF-α of both the two groups before and after treatment within their groups showed that there was remarkably significant difference (P<0.01). Comparison of the two groups after treatment between the group showed no significant difference for IL-1 (P>0.05) and significant difference for TNF-αcontent (P<0.05). Serum E2 of the treatment group before and after treatment showed obviously significant difference (P<0.01), while that of the control group before and after treatment indicated no significant difference (P>0.05). Comparison after treatment between the group showed there was remarkably significant difference (P<0.01). Serum Dkk-1, there were no significant differences within the two groups before and after treatment, and the same result between groups after treatment. Conclusion:The main pathogenesis of postmenopausal KOA may be due to kidney deficiency and blood stasis and Bushen Huoxue Decoction may well improve symptoms of postmenopausal knee osteoarthritis and intervene postmenopausal KOA by regulating the levels of estrogen and inflammatory cytokines. Bushen Huoxue Decoction has no obvious effect for Dkk-1 of Wnt signal pathway, and Wnt signal pathway may not participate in Bushen Huoxue Decoction intervention way.