Cardiovascular disease has become the leading cause of death among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and vascular calcification is the most commonly seen pathological change. Vascular calcification is an independent risk factor in cardiovascular disease induced by CKD. Hyperphosphatemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease. High phosphorus can participate in the development of vascular calcification through a variety of mechanisms or pathways. And it is closely related to the mortality of patients with CKD and cardiovascular. In this paper, the vascular calcification mechanism caused by hyperphosphatemia and its treatment in western medicine and Traditional Chinese medicine are reviewed.