Acanthopanax is the root of Acanthopanax senticosus plants,which contains lots of active ingredients and can affect the central nervous system. This paper is to explain that acanthopanax can treat vascular dementia efficiently by analyzing pharmacological action of active ingredients in acanthopanax and TCM pathogenesis for vascular dementia. In view of the high morbidity of vascular dementia and convenience in acanthopanax processing,acanthopanax has extensive medicinal and dietary prospect,which is worth promoting.