Uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response and immune dysfunction are the major pathophysiological process of sepsis.High mobility group protein B1(HMGB1) is one of the most important terminal inflammatory mediators leading to the lethal effect of severe sepsis.HMGB1 is released by pathogens or immune cells activated by early inflammatory factors，and it not only plays a pro-inflammatory effect in the occurrence and development of sepsis，but also closely related to cellular immune dysfunction.The secretion and release of HMGB1 in sepsis as well as endotoxemia are secondary to the activation of inflammasome.More and more evidences show that inflammasome(especially NALP3) plays an important role regulating the release of HMGB1 for monocytes/macrophages.In the inflammation，the immune cells release HMGB1 actively.This progress require a kind of inflammasomes，and it depends on the activation of caspase activation.It provides a new strategy for the treatment of immune disorders such as sepsis by adjusting the activation of NALP3，restrain the release of HMGB1 and regulating immune dysfunction.