To observe the effect of compound Zaofan Pill on hemotherapy-induced granulocytopenia and part of its mechanism. Methods: One hundred patients with granulocytopenia induced by chemotherapy in our hospital were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, each group of 50 cases. Two groups of patients were treated according to the patient’s condition, provided with basic routine treatment and nursing; the control group: basic treatment and recombinant human colony-stimulating factor; the observation group: basic treatment, recombinant human colony-stimulating factor and use of compound Zaofan pill; 1 week for a course of treatment, two groups were treated for 2 weeks. In addition, 50 healthy persons were randomly selected as the healthy control group. Before treatment, 1 week and 2 weeks after treatment, blood samples were collected from patients for white blood cell count. Before and after treatment （here means after 2 weeks of treatment）, peripheral blood interleukin-23 （IL-23） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） concentration changes of two groups of patients were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Flow cytometry was used to detect helper T cells 17 （Th17）. The activation of STAT3 signaling pathway was detected by Western blot. Results: 1） Compared with the healthy group, the observation group and the control group were lower （P<0.05）, but after treatment for 2 weeks, the observation group was close to the lowest value of normal white blood cell index （4.0×109/L）. The white blood cell index of the observation group and the control group were increased in varying degrees after treatment, in which the observation group increased more （P<0.05）. 2） IL-23, IL-6, Th17 and STAT3 after treatment in the observation group and the control group were lower than those before treatment （P<0.05）, and higher than those of the healthy control group （P<0.05）; after treatment, the percentage of Th17 cells in total T cells （CD4） of the observation group was lower than that of the control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion: The excessive activation of STAT3 is the main change in patients with granulocytopenia induced by chemotherapy, compound Zaofan Pill inhibit the phosphorylation level will be the reason of reduced conversion rate of Th17 increased, T lymphocyte hyperfunction caused by chemotherapy decreased, correcting hematopoietic stem cell damage caused by leukopenia.