To observe the influence of curcumin on stability of rabbit carotid plaques and endothelia progenitor cells （EPCs）.Methods: Thirty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into a blank control group, a model group and a curcumin group, 10 cases in each. The blank control group had ordinary diet, the model group high fat diet, the curcumin group high fat diet plus 100 mg/d of curcumin. After continuous feeding for 12 weeks, thickness of aortic intima plaque, peripheral blood total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG）, low density lipoprotein （LDL-C）, high density lipoprotein （HDL-C） levels of all rabbits were observed by HE staining and measured migration and proliferation activity of EPCs cell by MTT method. Results: 1） Lipid levels: compared with the blank group, TC, TG, and LDL-C were higher in the model group and the curcumin group （P<0.05）, HDL-C lower （P<0.05）, and after the intervention of curcumin, the above indicators improved significantly （P<0.05）. 2） Morphological changes: the thickness of carotid artery wall in the blank control group were uniform, and with uniform structure, and the model group and the curcumin group were with artery luminal stenosis, thickening of the arterial intima, and the curcumin group improved compared with the model group. 3） The EPCs proliferation: compared with the blank group, OD values of the model group and the curcumin group were lower （P<0.05）; compared with the model group, OD of the curcumin group increased （P<0.05）.4） Capacity of EPCs migration: scratches healing rate of the blank control group at each time point were significantly higher than that of the other two groups （P<0.05）; the scratch healing rate of the curcumin group was higher than that of the model group at each time point （P<0.05）. Conclusion: Curcumin had obvious resistance effect on atherosclerosis, and the mechanism may be associated with the promoting of proliferation and migration on the EPCs.