To observe the clinical effects of Zhongyao Paishi Decoction (the decoction of calculus-discharging) combined with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in treating ureteral calculus. Methods:A total of 448 patients with ureteral calculus were randomly divided into treatment group (217 patients) and control group (231 patients). Both groups were treated with ESWL, while the treatment group was additionally treated with Zhongyao Paishi Decoction. The clinical effects of the two groups were compared after treatment. Results:The cure rate and the total effective rate in the treatment group were 55.8% and 90.9%, being obviously higher than those in the control group (44.7% and 82.9%) (P<0.05). The success rate for 3 sessions in the treatment group (8.6%) was lower than in control group (17.5%) (P<0.05), revealing that the treatment times for curing one patient in treatment group was fewer than that of control group. Patients cured within 14 days in the treatment group (72.9%) was greater than in control group (43.3%) (P<0.05). Conclusion:Zhongyao Paishi Decoction combined with ESWL can effectively improve the cure rate of ureteral calculus, reduce the treatment times and shorten the treatment course.