To analyze the clinical effect of Huanglian Jiangtang Decoction on the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its effect on the vascular VEGF. Methods:A total of 80 patients who were diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus patients from January 2015 to December 2016 in the hospital were included and randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the control group took metformin hydrochloride enteric-coated capsules, while patients in the observation group received Huanglian Jiangtang Decoction. Patients in the two groups were treated for 2 successive months. The clinical efficacy and blood glucose and blood lipid indexes, including fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2 hour postprandial blood glucose (2 hPBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) level were observed. Changes in VEGF levels were observed before and after the treatment in the two groups. Results:The total effective rate of observation group was 90%, and the total effective rate of control group was 72.50%. After treatment, the patients' FPG, 2 hPBG, HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL-C levels were all showed a decreasing trend, and the HDL-C level was significantly increased. The blood glucose and blood lipid levels in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the VEGF level of the observation group was (118.52±21.20) ng/L, the control group was (140.26±27.67) ng/L; the observation group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion:Huanglian Jiangtang Decoction is safe and effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It can reduce the vascular VEGF level to prevent damages to endothelial cells in certain degree, which is worthy of clinical application.