To observe the protective mechanism of Shenzhi Jiannao (SZJN) on mitochondrial injury rats with cognitive impairment induced by hypoxia.Methods:The aged rats were randomly divided into three groups to establish cognitive impairment model groups of mitochondrial injury induced by hypoxia, and SZJN intervention group, and the learning and memory abilities of rats were detected by Morris water maze.ELISA was used to measure the activity of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COX), and contents of 8-OHdG, β-APP and Aβ1-42.The correlation between the 4 indexes and cognitive dysfunction was observed to further observe the effect of hypoxia on the mitochondria of the model group and the protective effect of SZJN intervention group on cerebral mitochondria.Results:In brain tissue of models induced by continued hypobaric hypoxia, the contents of APP and Aβ1-42 in model group had significant difference when compared with normal group and SZJN intervention group.The content of 8-OHdG in model group was significantly different when compared with normal group and SZJN intervention group (P<0.01), and that of SZJN intervention group was significantly different when compared with normal group (P<0.05).There was a significantly difference in the content of COX when compared between normal group and model group (P<0.01), and was also significantly different between model group and SZJN intervention group (P<0.05).Conclusion:Shenzhi Jiannao Fang could inhibit the accumulation of APP, Aβ1-42 and DNA oxidative damage, strengthen the activity of mitochondrial COX, so that can protect the neuroprotective effect of mitochondria to further improve the effect of hypoxia on learning and memory of cognitive impairment, providing experimental support for clinical application of SZJN.