To observe the effect of Yangshen Yutang Pill on blood glucose, structure and function of pancreas in rats.Methods:Thirty 8-week-old OLETF rats were randomly divided into intervention group and control group with 15 rats in each group and 15 8-week-old syngeneic non-diabetic LETO rats were taken as blank control group. Blank control group: rats were fed at the SPF level with standard feedings and one rat in single cage; control group: 2 mL of distilled water was added compared to the blank control group; the intervention group: Rats took Yangshen Yutang Pill distilled into solution by gavage for 24 weeks. The rats were executed in each group before and after the treatment to test the serum glucose concentration and the fasting insulin (FINS) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA method) and HE staining and Masson staining were used to observe the morphology of pancreas structure.Results:1) Pancreatic morphology by HE staining showed that the pancreas of rats in the control group after the treatment was irregular in shape with the emergence of a large number of fibrous tissue hyperplasia and there was obvious atrophy in the pancreas but no obvious hypertrophy or atrophy and fibrous tissue in the pancreas of rats in the intervention group. 2) Pancreatic morphology by Masson staining showed that a large number of fibrous tissue appeared in pancreas of rats in the control group and boundaries between pancreas and exocrine glands were ambiguous after the treatment, while only a small amount of fibrous tissue appeared surrounding the pancreas of rats in the intervention group with no fibrous tissue in the pancreas. 3) Compared with the blank control group, the control group and the intervention group were significantly higher after the treatment (P<0.05) and ISI decreased(P<0.05). The FBG and FINS in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05) and ISI was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:Yangshen Yutang Pill may effectively regulate the blood glucose level of OLETF rats and improve the function and structure of pancreas.