To introduce professor Li Shunmin's thinking and experience in treating chronic renal failure by using No.1 decoction for renal failure. Methods:By summarizing the pattern differentiation of chronic renal failure, combined with its etiology and pathogenesis, professor Li Shunmin proposed that spleen deficiency was the basic pathogenesis of renal failure, and advocated treating kidney diseases from the spleen, and according to the pathogenesis and clinical features created No. 1 Decoction for renal failure in clinical application. Results:Two patients with chronic renal failure were treated with No.1 decoction for renal failure, and good clinical results were achieved. Conclusion:No. 1 decoction for renal failure is an effective prescription for treating chronic renal failure.