To study the effects of Jianpi Anchang pill on SP and VIP in the colon tissue of Diarrhea-predominate Pattern Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-D). Methods:The IBS-D rat model was established by gavage of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and binding limbs. A total of 60 adult SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal group, model group, Jianpi Anchang pill high dose group and Jianpi Anchang pill low dose group and Pinaverium Bromide group. The contents of SP, VIP and CGRP in the rat colon tissue were determined by ELISA. Results:In the model group, fecal shape score was much higher than that of normal group (P<0.01), while the score values of Jianpi Anchang pill high dose group and Pinaverium Bromide group were lower than model group (P<0.01, P<0.05); High, low dose of Jianpi Anchang pill and Pinaverium Bromide could decrease the contents of SP ad VIP and enhance the contents of CGRP in colon tissue of the model rats. Conclusion:Jianpi Anchang Pill can effectively ease IBS-D, and its effects may be related to reduce the SP and VIP and increase CGRP release.