The pharmacological mechanism of specific components contained in Semen Aesculi was summarized by collecting the pharmacological research and clinical literature reports.By analyzing the relevant literatures, we could summarize the active ingredients and the pharmacological mechanism of it.Up to now, we have found that sodium aescinate, the main active ingredient of Semen Aesculi is usually used to treat diseases such as edema and exudation of soft tissue.Many researchers at home or abroad have done a lot of pharmacological mechanism experiments and clinical efficacy observations.But Semen Aesculi contains more active ingredients, while pharmacological and clinical research still is not perfected.It is necessary to further strengthen the study of Semen Aesculi, for other active components, such as flavones, coumarins and steroids and developing new dosage forms of Semen Aesculi and clinical application of development provides new ideas.