To explore the efficacy of Yuchuang Decoction in the anal fistula postoperative wound scar tissue and its influence on fibroblasts Ⅰ (Collagen-Ⅰ) and fibroblasts Ⅲ (Collagen-Ⅲ). Methods:A total of 90 patients with anal fistula after operation who were treated in our hospital from August 2014 to April 2016 were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group. The control group received routine treatment, and observation group was added Yuchuang Decoction on the basis of conventional treatment. The clinical curative effects and Collagen-Ⅰ/Collagen-Ⅲ ratio before and after the treatment were compared, and the anal function using wexner score before and after the treatment was evaluated. The different time to heal was recorded, and the serum epidermal growth factor (EGF) level was detected. Results:Collagen-Ⅰ/Collagen-Ⅲ of observation group were significantly higher than the control group after 7 d treatment, and EGF was significantly higher than that of control group 7 d, 14 d after treatment, with statistical significance (P<005). There was no significant difference in 3 d EGF of two groups. There were no significant differences in 14 d Collagen-Ⅰ/Collagen-Ⅲ (P>005); There was no significant difference in the total effective rate between treatment group and control group (P<005). The healing rate of 10 d and 14 d after surgery was significantly higher than that in the control group (6767% vs 4867 %, 8505% vs 6577%), with statistical significance (P<005), and no significant difference in 7 d after surgery (P>005). There was significant difference in wexner score of control group before and after treatment. Scores of loose stools, dry stools, gas, need to pad, change the way of life of observation group after treatment were significantly lower than the control group, with statistical significance (P<005). Conclusion:The healing time of postoperative anal fistula with conventional treatment is longer, and combined Yuchuang Decoction can improve the function of the anus, significantly shorten the healing time, and increase the wound scar tissue EGF, regulating the Collagen-Ⅰ, Collagen-Ⅲ.