To analyze the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the main components of Mahuang Decoction by quantitative analysis of fingerprint and multi index components. Methods:The linear range test and recovery test were used on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis method for the rigor of the fingerprint. Two manufacturers provided 6 different batches of Mahuang Decoction, with a total of 12 batches, and with ephedrine hydrochloride, cinnamaldehyde, bitter apricot kernel, licorice glycoside reference acid as control products. Quantitative determination of HPLC content in the 4 components of each batch in Mahuang Decoction was calculated; at the same time, fingerprint HPLC was used to evaluate the quality of Mahuang Decoction. Results:1) In Mahuang Decoction, the effective ingredients including ephedrine, cinnamaldehyde, amygdalin and glycyrrhizic acid had good linear relationship within the scope of concentration was good, and the average recovery rate of 4 components were 100%, 100.1%, 99.39%, 99.04%, with RSD of 1.7%, 1.3%, 1.1%, 0.99%. 2) The quality fluctuation of Mahuang Decoction samples from D manufactures was larger and the similarity was lower, while the quality fluctuation was lower, with high similarity and good consistency in B manufacture. Conclusion:The main components of Mahuang Decoction are ephedrine hydrochloride, cinnamic aldehyde, amygdalin and glycyrrhizic acid. The quality of Mahuang Decoction of B manufacture was better than that of D manufacture.