To compare the efficacy and safety of FufangZicao Oiling agent and potassium permanganate after anal fistula operation.Methods:A total of 144 cases of simple anal fistula incision were selected and divided from Jan 2015 to Jul 2017 in the Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University into the control group (Potassium Permanganate group) and the observation group (FufangZicao Oiling agent group),with 72 cases in each group.The pain score,the anal margin edema score,the bleeding score,the time required for the disappearance of the secretions,the time required for the improvement of the pruritus,the time needed for the growth of the granulation tissue,the incidence of postoperative infection,the time of hospitalization,the recovery time and the adverse events were observed after the operation.Results:The incidence of severe pain and pain score of the observe group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).The anal margin edema score and bleeding score were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).The time needed for The itching symptoms improved,the wound exudates disappeared and the wound granulation tissue reaching the fresh state was significantly shorter than the control group (P<0.05),and the incidence of postoperative infection was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05),and the length of stay and recovery time were significantly shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05),and no drug related adverse reactions were found.Conclusion:The use of FufangZicao Oiling agent fumigation and bath dressing after anal fistula is helpful to relieve postoperative pain,bleeding,edema of the anal border,secondary infection and so on,and be helpful to promote the healing of postoperative wound,thus shortening the time needed of hospitalization,and the safety is well,that it is worth to be popularized.