To study the self-made Buxue Qiangsheng Fang combined with western medicine in the treatment of chronic aplastic anemia, and the effects on patients' erythrocyte and interleukin. Methods:A total of 46 cases of chronic aplastic anemia patients in our hospital from June 2014 to December 2015 were selected as the objects of study. All patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group. The control group took western medicine treatment, and the observation group was added self-made Buxue Qiangsheng Fang for treatment. After two courses of treatment, the efficacy of the two groups before and after treatment were evaluated and compared. Red blood cell count, reticulocyte and hemoglobin levels, bone marrow hyperplasia degree, the expression level of serum interleukin factor of two groups were observed before and after treatment. Results:The clinical cure rate of the observation group was 82.61%, and the total effective rate was 95.65%. The clinical cure rate of the control group was 56.52%, and the total effective rate was 78.26%. The clinical curative effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, RBC, RET, Hb of two groups were improved, and the difference was significant when compared within groups (P<0.05). After treatment, RBC, RET, Hb of the observation group were better than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the serum IL-17, IL-6, IL-23 were decreased in the two groups, and the difference was significant when compared within groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the IL-17, IL-6, IL-23 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the observation group was significantly better than the control group (P<0.05). RBC, Hb and clinical efficacy were highly negative correlated (P<0.05), and IL-23, IL-17, IL-6 and clinical efficacy were highly positive correlated (P<0.05). Both were statistically significant. Conclusion:Buxue Qiangsheng Fang combined with western medicine has definite effect in the treatment of chronic aplastic anemia, which can effectively improve the expression level of red blood cells and interleukin factors.