To provide basis for promoting the implementation of clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, and to make standards better reflect the clinical diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. To improve diagnosis and treatment of lung disease, pediatric residency, by carrying out cough cognitive experience survey work. Methods:Questionnaire method: 1 268 lung disease, pediatric clinicians from 87 hospitals of Shandong province from Apr to Jun of 2016 were received questionnaire survey about their perceptions of their cough diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Results:According to the clinical investigations, in the cognitive aspects of cough, lung disease physicians and pediatricians agreed that western medicine textbooks were the first way of cough diagnosis and treatment; it was believed that the season of highest incidence of cough was winter, and phlegm-dampness, deficiency of qi and yin deficiency were the top 3 of the most common constitutions of internal injuries patients with cough; In the syndrome differentiation type of cough, the wind cold invading the lung syndrome was the most common in exogenous cough, and the phlegm and dampness accumulating in the lung was the most common in internal damage cough. Internal medicine and pediatricians believed that the main distinguishing point of wind cold and wind heat cough was the color of expectoration; for wind cold cough, pediatricians thought the time of heat transformation was shorter. In the diagnosis and treatment of cough, chest X-ray film was considered to be the most common method for cough examination; the medicines used by internal medicine physicians and paediatric doctors for frequent cough were Semen Armeniacae Amarum, Radix Platycodonis, Aster tataricus L. f., honey Radix Stemonae; For patients with profuse expectoration, the four Chinese herbal medicines commonly used were Rhizoma Pinelliae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Poria, and Fructus Trichosanthis. For those patients who suffer from chronic cough, doctors of internal medicine and pediatric chose the herbs with actions of converging lungs, replenishing qi, and nourishing yin. For the treatment of cough caused by wind cold invading the lung, the first three Chinese herbs were Herba Ephedrae, Semen Armeniacae Amarum, and Herba Schizonepetae. For the treatment of wind heat invading the lung cough, the first three Chinese herbs were Folium Mori, Flos Chrysanthemi, and Fructus Forsythiae. For the treatment of dryness pathogen damaging the lung cough, the first three Chinese herbs were Radix Ophiopogonis, Radix Glehniae, and Folium Mori. In prevention and regulation, both internal medicine doctors and pediatricians believed that cream formula and water-bindered pill are the most suitable method of regulation. Conclusion:Through clinical investigation, the cognition level of clinical pulmonologists and pediatricians for cough diagnosis and treatment can be clarified, which can provide objective basis for further revision of cough by traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment guideline, so as to provide reference for better promotion of guidelines for clinicians.