Objective To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture and acupoint injection on BMD，ET，MMP-2，MMP-9 and bone biochemical markers in the treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral compression fracture. Methods:From January 2017 to September 2017，170 cases of patients with thoracolumbar vertebral compression fracture admitted in Xi'an Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center were selected retrospectively. According to different medication methods，they were randomly divided into Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) group (n=86) and routine group (n=84). Patients in TCM group were treated with electroacupuncture and acupoint injection，while patients in routine group were treated with intravenous injection of the same drug. After the course of treatment，according to the indexes of BMD、ET、MMP-2、MMP-9 and biochemical markers which were measured 4 weeks，12 weeks and 27 weeks after the treatment，the effects of different medication methods on patients were evaluated. Results:1) The bone mineral density (BMD) in TCM group:at the 4th week，the T value was (-1.29±0.17)，Z value was (-1.84±0.35); at the 12th week the T value was (-0.63±0.28) and Z value was (-1.35±0.27); at the 27th week，the T value was (0.52±0.22) and Z value was (-0.96±0.25). In the TCM group，at the 4th week，the intradermal hormone was (3.85±0.57) ng/L，at the 12th week，the intradermal hormone was (2.79±0.52) ng/L，at the 27th week，the intradermal hormone was (1.83±0.34) ng/L. Compared with the routine group，there were obvious advantages in those indexes. 2) For the patients who were treated with electroacupuncture and acupoint injection，their serum level was significantly higher than that in the patients treated with conventional Western medicine orally. The levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 can return to normal level within 27 weeks. 3) After 27 weeks，the biochemical markers of bone turnover were detected in the two groups. In the TCM group，PINP was (73.69±17.17) μg/mL，PICP was（98.25±24.07）μg/mL，BALP was（33.45±6.02）U/L，APTT was (34.45±6.02）s; In the routine group，PINP was（65.38±26.39）μg/mL，PICP was（83.88±19.64）μg/mL，BALP was（25.74±4.95）U/L，APTT was（25.74±4.59）s. Conclusion:For the treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral compression fracture，the electroacupuncture and acupoint injection have obvious effects on BMD、ET、MMP-2、MMP-9 and biochemical markers of bone turnover. It is worthy of extensive clinical application.