To observe the effects of running exercise on telomere length and the oxidation and antioxidation level in mice，and to explore the modern biological mechanism of exercise in the traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:Eight-week-old male ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups (no exercise group，exercise group 1，and exercise group 2).The two exercise groups were given different amount of daily running for 8 weeks.The quantitative real-time PCR method was used to detect the change of telomere length in blood cells and liver tissue.The chemical assay kit was used to detect the change of glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in liver tissue，and to detect the change in total superoxide dismutase (SOD)，catalase (CAT)，protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in myocardial tissue.The content of 8-isoprostaglandin F2α and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in cardiac muscle tissue were detected using the ELISA kits.Results:Compared with the non-exercise group，the length of telomere in the blood cells of exercise group 1 and exercise group 2 was significantly longer than that of the no exercise group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Although longer than the no exercise group，the length of telomeres in liver was not statistical significant.The ratio of GSH/GSSG in liver tissue of mice in exercise group 1 was higher than that in no exercise group，and there was no significant difference between exercise group 2 and non-exercise exercise group.Compared with the non-exercise group，the contents of catalase (CAT) in the liver tissue were significantly higher in exercise group 1 and exercise group 2，the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01).No significant difference was found in the total superoxide dismutase (SOD) content in the tissues.Compared with no exercise group，the levels of 8-OHdG，protein carbonyl，and isoprostaglandin F2α in exercise group 1 and exercise 2 group were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with the no exercise group，the content of malondialdehyde in the exercise group 1 was decreased，and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05)，while there was no significant difference between the exercise group 2 and the no exercise exercise group.Conclusion:A certain intensity of exercise can increase the antioxidant defenses，reduce oxidative damage，and slow down the telomere's shortening.