Aesculus hippocastanum L.(horse chestnut seed) belongs to the family of Aesculus L.species，which are the dry mature seeds for horse chestnut.The seeds，bark and leaves of horse chestnut has been used for hundreds of years as a traditional herbal medicine，which can be applied to the treatment of diseases such as the antipyretic and hemorrhoids.Modern studies have shown that the seeds have the most active ingredient which has been the most widely used.Chinese buckeye seeds are recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia，which are dry and mature seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bge.，Aesculus chinensis Bge.var.chekiangensis (Hu et Fang) Fang or Aesculus wilsonii Rehd.With warm property，sweet flavors，the channel tropisms of Chinese buckeye seeds are liver and stomach channel.And the functions of Chinese buckeye seeds are soothing the liver to regulate its qi flow，regulating the stomach and relieving the pain which can treat the diseases such as liver and stomach qi stagnation，chest abdominal distension，epigastric pain，etc.In this paper，based on the Web of Science (WoS)，PubMed，CNKI database，the chemical composition，pharmacological effects，clinical application and other aspects of comparative were analyzed according to the retrieval of Aesculus hippocastanum L.and Chinese buckeye seeds of the Chinese and English literature,.The results showed that Aesculus hippocastanum L.containes saponins，flavonoids，phenols，fatty acids and other chemical constituents and has the function of anti-inflammatory，anti-oxidation，anti-allergic，anti-cancer and other pharmacological effects which could be clinically applied to chronic venous insufficiency，heart blood vessels and other diseases.The chemical composition of Chinese buckeye seed is almost the same as that of Aesculus hippocastanum L..And it has pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal protection which could be used clinically for cerebral hemorrhage，cerebral thrombosis and trauma.The research showed that the Aesculus hippocastanum L.and Chinese buckeye seeds have different pharmacological action and clinical application.It is speculated that the possible reason is that the focus of the two studies is different，or there is a certain difference in some chemical composition between them，which needs further study.This paper will lay the foundation for the introduction，the study of medicinal value and the development of Aesculus hippocastanum L.in China.