To study the clinical effects of Fuzheng Kangai Decoction on the prevention and treatment of bone marrow suppression in adult acute myeloid leukemia after chemotherapy. Methods:A total of 116 patients in Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2014 to January 2017 were randomly divided into a control group observation group with 58 cases in each group. The patients in control group received standard of DA induction chemotherapy，while the patients in the observation group were treated with Fuzheng Kangai Decoction after the chemotherapy on the basis of the control group，with 3 weeks for a cycle，3 cycles for treatment. The occurrence time and recovery time of BMD (bone mineral density) were recorded，the incidence rate of BMD was counted，the degree of occurrence was evaluated，the changes in peripheral blood images after chemotherapy were monitored，the quality of life before and after treatment was evaluated，and the toxic and side effects after chemotherapy were compared. Results:Observation group of bone marrow suppression occurring time was more later than that of the control group，and bone marrow suppression recovery time was earlier than that of the control group (P<0.05). Bone marrow inhibition rate of observation group was 17.2%，which was significantly lower than that of the control group of 48.3% (P<0.05). After chemotherapy，the WBC，Hb and PLT levels were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The quality of life was better than that of control group，the quality of life score was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions of infection and hemorrhage of the observation group was 15.5%，which was significantly lower than that of the control group of 37.9% (P<0.05). Conclusion:Fuzheng Kangai Decoction obviously delay the time of the occurrence of bone marrow suppression，promote the recovery of bone marrow suppression，reduce the degree of bone marrow suppression，reduce the severity of the bone marrow suppression，improve the quality of life，and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions，which is worth clinical promotion.