To investigate the effects of scalp acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training on the changes of cerebral hemodynamics (bilateral resistance index (RI) in vertebral artery (VA), arteria cerebri media (MAC), and arteria cerebri anterior (ACA)) and vascular endothelial function (nitrogen oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1)) in patients with post-stroke mild cognitive impairment. Methods:A total of 90 patients with post-stroke mild cognitive impairment were selected, and were randomly divided into the observation group (n=50) and the control group (n=50). Patients in control group were given conventional drug therapy and rehabilitation training, and the observation group was given scalp acupuncture on this basic. Each group was treated 3 months. Data was compared before and after treatment (2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months) in cerebral hemodynamics (bilateral RI in VA, MAC, and ACA), which was detected by Transcranial Doppler (TCD); Data was compared before and after treatment (2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months) in vascular endothelial function (NO, ET-1). Results:During the 3-month treatment, the cerebral hemodynamics (bilateral RI in VA, MAC, and ACA) detected by the transcranial doppler (TCD) were lower than pretherapy, and had statistical significance (P<0.05), and the RI in the observation group were lower than control group, and had statistical significance (P<0.05); the concentration of NO were higher than pretherapy, and had statistical significance (P<0.05), and the NO in the observation group were higher than control group, and had statistical significance (P<0.05); the concentration of ET-1 was lower than pretherapy, and had statistical significance (P<0.05), and the ET-1 in the observation group were lower than control group, and had statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion:A 3-momth treatment of scalp acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training can improve the cerebral hemodynamics through improving the vascular endothelial function.