To compare the curative effects of Maxing Shigan Decoction on mycoplasma pneumonia in children and western medicine alone，and to explore the therapeutic mechanism of Maxing Shigan Decoction on mycoplasma pneumonia in children，so as to provide a reference for the selection of therapeutic schemes for children with mycoplasma pneumonia in clinic.Methods:A total of 86 children with mycoplasma pneumonia admitted to Ruikang Hospital，Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2017 to May 2018 were selected as the study subjects.The patients were numbered according to the order of treatment.The single number was 43 cases in the control group and the double number was 43 cases in the study group.Two groups of children were treated according to the routine treatment：general treatment，symptomatic treatment，antibiotics and adrenocortical hormone treatment.The study groups were treated with Maxing Shigan Decoction.The 2 groups of children were treated for 2 weeks as a course of treatment.The changes of inflammatory markers such as white blood cell (WBC)，C-reactive protein (CRP)，erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)，interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were observed before and after treatment.The changes of immune function indexes such as cluster of differentiation3+ (CD3+)，CD4+，CD8+ were observed and compared between the two groups.The antipyretic time，cough time，X-ray shadow disappearance time，lung rales disappearance time，hospitalization time were observed and compared between the two groups.After the end of treatment，the clinical efficacy of the children was evaluated and compared.Results:1) There was no significant difference in WBC，CRP，ESR，IL-10 and TNF-alpha between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05).The above indexes of the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment，and the above indexes of the study group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).2) There was no significant difference in CD3+，CD4+，CD8+ between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05).After treatment，CD3+，CD4+ in the two groups were significantly higher than before treatment，and the study was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).CD8+ decreased significantly.The study was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).3) The fever abatement time，cough relief time，X-ray shadow disappearance time，lung rales disappearance time and hospitalization time in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).4) After treatment，the cure rate and total effective rate of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05).5) There was no significant difference in the rate of adverse reactions between the two groups during treatment (P>0.05).Conclusion:Maxing Shigan decoction can improve the curative effect of mycoplasma pneumonia in children，inhibit inflammatory reaction，and shorten the course of disease and improve immunity.