To observe the clinical efficacy of Yuanqiquyu prescription in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy after vitrectomy. Methods:A prospective randomized controlled study was adopted. A total of 70 cases(70 eyes)of proliferative diabetic retinopathy after vitrectomy were randomly divided into the observation group(n=35)and the control group(n=35)from January 2016 to December 2017. The observation group was treated with vitrectomy and Yuanqiquyu prescription，while the control group were treated with vitrectomy. The outcome indicators were detected before and after the second and the fifth month's operation. Results:The changes of fundus fluorescein angiography in the observation group were significantly different than those of the control group(P<0.001)after two months and five months' treatment. The difference of the total efficacy of the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.001). Conclusion:Yuanqiquyu prescription improves the number of retinal microaneurysms，reduces retinal hemorrhage and exudation，and improves overall efficacy，which is worthy of further clinical promotion.