The root of Panax ginseng C. A. Mayer，named Ginseng，had been used as one of valuable medicinal herbs in East Asia approximately 2000 years ago. Recent evidence has shown that Ginseng is effective in preventing and reversing different types of diseases，such as cardiovascular diseases，central nervous system disorders，diabetes mellitus，tumors，immunity diseases. Moreover，several important active ingredients had been found，in which ginsenoside predominates. Transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β)are potent regulators of multiple cellular functions，including cell growth，differentiation，apoptosis，migration，excessive extracellular matrix production and immunity，which is a critical target spot in the treatment of diseases. Current studies have revealed that Ginseng's therapeutic effects mentioned above are induced mainly by ginsenoside and its regulation on TGF-β signaling pathways. Gisengside has multiple regulating effects on TGF-β signaling pathways，and elucidation of the mechanisms is progressing. The same ginsenoside could regulate TGF-β signaling pathways in directions that are completely contrary to each other between different tissues，indicating the fact that gisengside regulates TGF-β signaling pathways in a tissue‐specific manner，confirming the bi-directional regulating theory of Chinese medicinal herbs. The studies of gisengside on TGF-β signaling pathways not only alleviate the exploration of the pharmacological mechanism of Chinese medicinal herbs，but also facilitate understanding and accept traditional medical herbs for modern medicine and western people. All such studies would provide evidence for gisengside's clinical application and drug discovery.