To investigate the mechanism of emodin on the proliferation of TGF-β1 induced renal fibroblasts(NRK-49F)and the reduction of protein and gene expressions of FN(fibronectin),Col-I(typeⅠcollagen)and Smad2/3.Methods:The effects of different concentrations of emodin on the proliferation of NRK-49F cells were detected by CCK8 assay.NRK-49F cells were treated with emodin at a final concentrations of 20,40,80 μmol/L for 30 min.Both the model group and the treatment group were stimulated with TGF-β1 at a final concentration of 5 ng/mL for 24 h,and the cells were collected.The expression levels of FN,Col-I and Smad2/3 protein were detected by Western blot,and the expressions of FN,Col-I and Smad2/3 mRNA were detected by real-time PCR.Results:The expression of FN,Col-I,Smad2/3 protein and gene in the model group was significantly increased.The emodin-containing serum group inhibited the proliferation of NRK-49F cells and inhibited the expression of FN,Col-I,Smad2/3 protein(P<0.05).The higher the concentration of emodin was,the more obvious the inhibition was.Emodin concentration and inhibition were dose-effect relationships.Conclusion:After emodin intervention,it can improve the degree of renal fibrosis and protect the NRK-49F cell model injury.