To investigate the effects of Tongfu Xiere Decoction on lung function and peripheral T lymphocyte subpopulations in septic rats.Methods:A total of 120 SPF SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups：the blank control group，the sham-operation group，the model group，the low-dose Chinese medicine group，the high-dose Chinese medicine group and the medium-dose Chinese medicine group，with 20 rats in each group.The blank control group rats were only fed routinely.Rats in the sham-operation group were only laparotomized，had their caeca removed and placed back into the abdominal cavity，and the incisions sutured.The sepsis models were established by cecal ligation and perforation in the model group and the Chinese medicine groups.The rats in each TCM group received gavage of decoctions at the corresponding dose 6 h，18 h，30 h，42 h respectively after successful model establishment.After 48 hours，the general condition of rats in each group was observed，their arterial blood was sampled for the detection of the peripheral blood T lymphocyte subpopulations，as well as for the blood gas analysis.Results:Compared with the blank control group，there was no statistical significance between the sham-operation group and the blank control group(P>0.05)，while the mortality of the model group was significantly higher than that of the blank control group(P<0.05).The gavage intervention of high-dose Tongfu Xiere Decoction could improve the survival rate of rats; the expression levels of CD3+，CD4+，CD8+ cells in the model group were lower than that in the blank control group(P<0.05).The expression levels of CD3+，CD4+ and CD8+ cells in peripheral blood of rats in the low-dose group presented no statistical significance compared with those in the model group(P>0.05).The expression levels of CD3+，CD4+，CD8+ cells in the middle-dose group and the high-dose group were higher than those in the model group(P<0.05); the PaO2 level in the model group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group(P<0.05)，while the PaCO2 level was significantly increased(P>0.05).The level of PaO2 was significantly higher in the low-dose group than that in the model group(P<0.05)，while the level of PaCO2 was significantly lower than that in the model group(P>0.05).The PaO2 levels of the middle-dose Chinese medicine group and the high-dose Chinese medicine group of were significantly higher than that of the model group(P<0.05）while the PaCO2 levels were significantly lower(P>0.05)，but no statistical significance was shown between those 2 groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Tongfu Xiere Decoction can effectively protect the lung function of septic rats to reduce sepsis-related lung injury，and it plays a role in regulating the level of T lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood within a certain dose range.