Radix et Rhizoma Rhei plays an important role in the treatment of chronic renal failure(CRF)，which can effectively delay the progress of kidney disease.The aim of this paper is to discuss the application of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei's catharsis and descending the turbid in CRF，action mechanism of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei in treating CRF，the effects of different processing methods and decocting time of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei on active ingredients and efficacy，experience of famous TCM doctors in treating CRF with Radix et Rhizoma Rhei，effects of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei on CRF glomerulosclerosis signal pathway.Several questions were found：raw Radix et Rhizoma Rhei，Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata，wine processed Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and stir-fried Radix et Rhizoma Rhei，which is the best herb for the treatment of CRF? What is the effect of different processing methods and decocting time on the effective components of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei? How long does decocting take to get the best effect? What is the mechanism of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei in the treatment of CRF? This paper is intended to study the change rule of effective components in different processed products of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and the influence of different decocting time of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei on the TGF-1/P13K/Akt signaling pathway of CRF rats，hoping to provide a theoretical basis for clinical application of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei.