The analysis of the ecological suitability of Atractylodes Lancea showed that Atractylodes Lancea growing in its native area was subjected to multiple environmental stresses such as high temperature，high humidity，and nutrient deficiencies; indicating that moderate environmental stress can promote the development and secondary metabolites accumulation of Atractylodes Lancea，but excessive environmental stress will also cause adverse effects such as reduction in biomass of Atractylodes Lancea and inhibition of growth and development.The current research status of biotic and abiotic environmental stresses on the morphological establishment，physiological effects and secondary metabolite accumulation of medicinal plants Atractylodes Lancea was reviewed in order to help people understand the stress resistance physiological mechanism and secondary metabolism product accumulation，which laid a theoretical foundation for the ecological cultivation of Atractylodes Lancea.