To study the mechanism and laboratory indexes of treating male sterility and weak spermatospermia by Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation.Methods:From January 2017 to July 2017，88 infertile patients with oligozoospermia admitted to Xuzhou City Hospital of TCM were selected retrospectively.According to different treatment schemes，46 patients who received TCM syndrome differentiation were classified as the syndrome differentiation group and 42 patients who received routine drug therapy were classified as the routine group.The changes of related indexes during treatment were recorded for comparative analysis.Results:1)sperm related indexes：in the syndrome differentiation group after treatment，spermatozoa volume was(3.14±1.16)mL，sperm density was(29.27±5.16)106/mL，survival rate was(55.19±6.77)%，PR(40.85±4.84)%，PR＋NP(73.94±7.27)% and sperm liquefaction time was(20.26±3.49)min.In the routine group，the spermatozoa density was(2.75±0.79)mL，sperm density was(20.85±4.69)106/mL，the survival rate was(41.67±4.28)%，PR(32.65±4.49)%，PR＋NP(44.81±5.02)% and the sperm liquefaction time was(38.70±5.46)min.2)hormone related indexes：in the syndrome differentiation group after treatment，FSH(5.27±0.61)mU/mL，T(5.85±0.84)mU/mL，LH(4.26±1.49)mU/mL.In the routine group after treatment，FSH(6.85±1.05)mU/mL，T（4.65±1.13）mU/mL，LH（5.70±2.46）mU/mL.3)TCM syndromes integral：the total score of the syndrome differentiation group was improved from(14.45±0.40)to(4.46±0.26)after treatment，and the total score of the routine group was improved from(14.12±0.44)to(8.14±0.32).4)Clinical effect comparison between groups：after the treatment，the successful pregnancy rate was 80.43% in the syndrome differentiation group and 59.52% in the routine group.The improvement degree of semen and blood routine in the 2 groups were 93.48% in the syndrome differentiation group and 71.43% in routine group.Conclusion:The effect of TCM differentiation on male infertility and weak spermatozoa is remarkable.The targeted therapy is more valuable than conventional drugs in the application of laboratory indicators，according to syndromes.